He aha ka DNA?

ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o DNA

ʻO DNA, ʻike ʻia hoʻi, ʻo ka deoxyribonucleic acid he mole, ʻo ia ka pūʻulu o nā mana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. I ka hihia o DNA, ua hui ʻia kēia mau ʻātoma e hana i ke ʻano o kahi alapiʻi wili lōʻihi. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻike maopopo i ke kiʻi ma aneʻi e ʻike i ke ʻano o ka DNA.

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Inā ʻoe i aʻo i ka biology, ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka hana ʻana o DNA ma ke ʻano he hoʻolālā a meaʻai no ka mea ola. Pehea ma ka honua e hiki ai i kahi moleke wale ke hana ma ke ʻano he polū no kekahi mea paʻakikī a kupaianaha e like me ka lāʻau, ka ʻīlio a me nā kānaka? Kupanaha maoli kēlā.

ʻO DNA kekahi o nā alakaʻi aʻo hope loa. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o nā puke pehea āu i hoʻohana ai. Ua kākau ʻia ka papa kuhikuhi aʻoaʻo holoʻokoʻa ma ke code. Inā ʻoe e nānā pono i ke ʻano kemika o DNA, e hōʻike ana ia i ʻehā mau poloka kūkulu nui. Kapa mākou i kēia mau kumu nitrogen: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), a me Cytosine (C). Aia pū ka DNA i nā kō a me nā pūʻulu phosphate (i hana ʻia me ka phosphorus a me ka oxygen). Hana kēia i ka iwi kuamoʻo phosphate-deoxyribose.

ANG_dna_structure.en.x512

Inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ke ʻano o ka DNA ma ke ʻano he alapiʻi, hana ʻia nā ʻanuʻu o ke alapiʻi mai nā kumu nitrogenous. Hoʻopili kēia mau kumu i kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu o ke alapiʻi. Hoʻopili wale lākou i kahi ala kikoʻī. (A) hui mau me (T) a me (G) hui mau me (C). He mea koʻikoʻi kēia i ka wā e kope ai i ka DNA a pau a i ʻole kekahi hapa.

No laila, e pane i ka nīnau, he aha ka DNA? ʻO DNA kahi hoʻolālā molekala no kahi mea ola. Hana ʻo DNA i ka RNA, a hana ʻo RNA i ka protein, a hoʻomau nā protein i ke ola. He paʻakikī kēia kaʻina hana holoʻokoʻa, paʻakikī a hoʻokalakupua a hoʻokumu piha ʻia i ka kemika hiki ke aʻo ʻia a hoʻomaopopo ʻia.

Pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka ʻāpana DNA?

E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai hiki ke aʻo ʻia a hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka DNA, akā pehea mākou e hana ai? Aʻo a noiʻi a ʻimi ka poʻe ʻepekema iā lākou. Hoʻohana nā kānaka i ka electrophoresis gel e hoʻokaʻawale i ka DNA no ka noiʻi hou aku. ʻO ka electrophoresis gel kahi hana i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana DNA (a i ʻole macromolecules ʻē aʻe, e like me RNA a me nā protein) e pili ana i ko lākou nui a me ka uku. Hoʻopili ka electrophoresis i ka holo ʻana i ke au ma o ka gel i loaʻa nā molekole hoihoi. Ma muli o ko lākou nui a me ka uku, e hele nā ​​molekala i ka gel ma nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​​​wikiwiki like ʻole, e ʻae iā lākou e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai kekahi. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka electrophoresis, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ka nui o nā ʻāpana DNA like ʻole i loko o kahi laʻana a me ka nui o lākou e pili ana kekahi i kekahi.

Inā makemake ʻoe e hana i ka electrophoresis gel, pono mua ʻoe i nā lako hoʻokolohua pili, ka cell electrophoresis (tank/chamber) a me kāna lako mana. Hōʻike ke kiʻi ma lalo nei i ke kelepona electrophoresis ākea (tank/chamber) ke kumu hoʻohālikeDYCP-31DNa me ka lako mana o ke kŘkohuDYY-6Dmai Beijing Liuyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd no ka DNA gel electrophoresis.

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ʻO ka electrophoresis gel e pili ana i ka gel, kahi ʻano mea like me Jello. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā gels no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o DNA i ka agarose, e hele mai ana e like me ka maloʻo a me ka pauka. Ke hoʻomehana ʻia ka agarose i loko o kahi paʻi (ka wai me kekahi mau paʻakai i loko) a ʻae ʻia e hoʻomāalili, e hana ia i kahi gel paʻa a liʻiliʻi. Ma ka pae mole, ʻo ka gel he matrix o nā moleke agarose i paʻa pū ʻia e nā paʻa hydrogen a hana i nā pores liʻiliʻi.

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Kiʻi mai Khan Academy

Ma hope o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka gel, e hoʻokomo i ka gel i loko o ke kino pahu o ka electrophoresis cell, a ninini i ka hopena buffer i loko o ka pahu hoʻopaʻa a hiki i ka hoʻoinu ʻana i ka gel. A laila, hoʻokomo ʻia nā laʻana DNA i loko o nā luawai (indentations) ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka gel, a hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻauwaʻa uila e huki iā lākou i loko o ka gel. Hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻāpana DNA, no laila neʻe lākou i ka electrode maikaʻi. Ma muli o ka like o ka nui o ka uku o nā ʻāpana DNA a pau i ka nui, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i ka gel ma mua o nā mea nui. Ma hope o ka holo ʻana i ka electrophoresis gel, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana DNA; a hiki i nā mea noiʻi ke nānā i ka gel a ʻike i ka nui o nā kaula i loaʻa ma luna. Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka gel me kahi mea paʻa DNA a waiho ʻia ma lalo o ke kukui UV, e ʻā ana nā ʻāpana DNA, e ʻae iā mākou e ʻike i ka DNA i nā wahi like ʻole ma ka lōʻihi o ka gel.

Ma waho aʻe o nā pūnaewele electrophoresis (nā pahu/keʻena) a me nā lako mana, ua hāʻawi pū ʻo Beijing Liuyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd i ka UV transilluminator, hiki ke nānā a paʻi i nā kiʻi no ka protein a me ka gel electrophoresis DNA. ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālikeWD-9403Bhe transilluminator UV portable no ka nānā ʻana i ka gel electrophoresis DNA. ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālikeWD-9403Fhiki ke nānā, kiʻi i nā kiʻi no ka protein a me ka gel DNA.

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WD-9403B

WD-9403F

ʻO Beijing Liuyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd i ʻoi aku ma mua o 50 mau makahiki o ka mōʻaukala ma Kina a hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i nā huahana kūpaʻa a kiʻekiʻe a puni ka honua. Ma o ka ulu ʻana o nā makahiki, kūpono ia i kāu koho!

No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana iā mākou, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou ma ka leka uila[palapala leka uila] or [palapala leka uila].


Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-13-2022